Combined degrees - units of study descriptors

BACH 1151 Clients, Practitioners & Organisations
BACH 1161 Introductory Behavioural Health Science
BACH 1162 Environments, Health and Society
BACH 1163 Professional Practice and Communication
BACH 1164 Human Behaviour and Behavioural Change
BACH 2038 Health & Social Theory
BACH 2039 Organisational Studies
BACH 3067 Research Methods for Health Sciences
BACH 3122 Psychosocial Aspects of Ageing

BIOS 1133 Body Systems: Structure & Function
BIOS 1134 Basic Sciences for Health Studies
BIOS 1137 Introductory Neuroscience
BIOS 1155 Structure Function and Disease A
BIOS 1158 Structure, Function and Disease B
BIOS 1159 Functional Anatomy A – Exercise Science
BIOS 1160 Functional Anatomy B – Exercise Science
BIOS 1161 Biochemistry and Human Biology
BIOS 1162 Introductory Microbiology and Biotechnology
BIOS 2098 Body Systems: Structure and Function II
BIOS 2111 Introductory Toxicology
BIOS 2112 Epidemiology & Principles of Disease
BIOS 3063 Project Design & Management
BIOS 3066 Current Issues in Health Care
BIOS 3067 Principles of Pharmacology

EXSS 1018 Biomechanics of Human Movement
EXSS 1019 Fundamentals of Exercise Science
EXSS 1030 Sport First Aid/Trainer
EXSS 1031 Cell Metabolism and Biochemistry
EXSS 1032 Fundamentals of Exercise Science
EXSS 2016 Motor Control
EXSS 2020 Motor Control and Learning
EXSS 2023 Growth Development & Ageing
EXSS 2025 Motor Control and Learning
EXSS 2026 Growth Development & Ageing
EXSS 2027 Exercise Physiology for Clinicians
EXSS 3008 Ergonomics
EXSS 3023 Exercise Testing and Prescription
EXSS 3024 Exercise, Health & Disease
EXSS 3027 Exercise & Rehabilitation
EXSS 3038 Ergonomics
EXSS 3042 Nutrition for Health, Exercise and Sport

HIMT 1051 Introduction to Management Principles

BACH 1151 Clients, Practitioners & Organisations
Cumberland campus
6 credit points
Classes: Guided independent learning

This unit of study applies a sociological perspective to the complex relationships between stakeholders in the Australian Health Care System. The unit emphasises: sociology of client/practitioner relationships; sociology of work and organisations in health care settings; theoretical perspectives on the self, the body, illness and identity. The unit further develops students' skills on how to apply sociological knowledge practice. The aim is to help students to understand the practicalities of the mechanism and operational processes of health care organisations, health provisions and service orientations. In the unit students will develop skills in literature searches, a collecting and analysis of date. In this Independent Learning Module, students are expected to prepare an analysis report based on two activities outline below. Students will be given guidance on the preparation of a questionnaire that will be used to collect data consumers/providers; how to interview

BACH 1161 Introductory Behavioural Health Science
Cumberland campus
Semester 1
6 credit points

This unit provides an introduction to areas of psychology and sociology relevant to health and wellbeing. The unit provides the sociological tools (covering both theory and method) that are required to achieve social literacy in the domains of health and wellbeing, as well as an introduction to the principles and applications of psychology as they pertain to these areas. The unit aims to develop a sociological imagination, a quality of mind that will be used to prompt students to question commonsense assumptions regarding health and wellbeing, including in specific areas such as exercise and sport. Students will also gain familiarity with the major paradigms and methodological approaches of contemporary psychology, and will develop a facility in evaluating the application of psychological theory to specific health issues in their major area of study, such as addiction, stress, nutrition and diet, and exercise adherence.

Specifically, the sociology component of the unit will examine the origins, nature, and prospects of ‘modern’ societies; the nature of sociological explanation (the ‘sociological imagination’); the social patterns, social processes, and social relationships that underpin inequalities in Australian society, especially as they relate to health and wellbeing; the characteristics, and limitations, of the classical biomedical model; the diagnostic and prescriptive distinctions between biomedicine, individualist health promotion, and social medicine; the wider political and economic context of healthcare, and of community sport and recreational activities. The psychology component of the unit will examine links between mind and body; the principles of learning and behaviour change; the psychological and biological responses to stress and pain; pain management; the psychology of groups, clubs, and other organisations; and selected additional topics as appropriate (for example, communication, exercise and fitness, health promotion, psychological changes across the lifespan).

BACH 1162 Environments, Health and Society
Cumberland campus
Semester 1
6 credit points
This unit explores understandings and practices related to a range of social, physical, organizational and political environments. The following themes will be addressed: the organization of work, and its implication for health; approaches to occupational and environmental health in Australia; social constructions and management of risk; the formulations and implementation of policies relevant to health; the effects of globalization on social and physical environments; and the emergence of varied social movements in response to these and other developments.

BACH 1163 Professional Practice and Communication
Cumberland campus
Semester 1
6 credit points

This unit is concerned with how health professionals work and communicate in multi-professional teams. Students will be introduced to the roles and challenges of a number of different health professions and encouraged to explore the differing practical and academic requirements of discipline groups within the NSW and Australian Health care systems. Students will also be required to read and assimilate information from a number of different professional disciplines and contribute to a case discussion based upon this information. The unit also introduces students to aspects of professional communication in health, such as case notes, professional reports, research reports, media releases and medico-legal documentation. Staff from a number of different professional groups within the Faculty and college of Health Sciences will contribute to the teaching program.

BACH 1164 Human Behaviour and Behavioural Change
Cumberland campus
Semester 2
6 credit points

Behaviour and attitudes are central to health status, and health scientists try to encourage people to adopt healthier beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. This unit examines the interplay between the processes of reasoning, memory and attention, and the mechanisms that determine our behaviour and beliefs in groups such as peer groups, subcultures and organisations, and the ways in which unhealthy behaviours can be modified. Students will be introduced to key concepts in cognitive psychology, such as memory, attention and problem solving, before examining the application of social psychological principles to health, job satisfaction and professional practice with an overview of research in a variety of areas including, but not limited to helping behaviour and aggression, interpersonal relationships, conformity, prejudice and group processes. The unit concludes with a review of those procedures that can be used to bring about lasting change in individuals.

BACH 2038 Health & Social Theory
Cumberland campus
6 credit points.
Classes: On campus 4 hours/week.

This unit considers classical and contemporary sociological theory as it applies to health care at a micro and macro level. It draws on a range of theoretical approaches including those of Marx, Weber, Goffman, Habermas, Foucault and Virchow. This unit will provide conceptual tools and will suggest practical applications of social theory to the health context. Skills will be developed in (a) identifying the social origins of illness; (b) recognising relationships between soma, psyche, and affect as conditions of illness behaviour; and (c) treating illness as a social process. Social structure and social identity will be grounded in everyday life.

BACH 2039 Organisational Studies
Cumberland campus
6 credit points

This unit provides an introduction to fundamental areas in the sociology and psychology of organisations. Students will develop an appreciation of organisational shapes and settings and of organisational behaviour in current and/or future employment areas.

BACH 3067 Research Methods for Health Sciences
Cumberland campus
Semester 1
6 credit points

Health Science graduates are expected to be informed consumers of health research with an evidence-based practice perspective. The aim of this unit is to provide a foundation for critical appraisal of the main approaches and techniques used in health research. The unit introduces students to key elements common to research paradigms, such as problem formulation, research ethics, design, measurement, sampling, data collection and data analysis, and describes their application of a range of fundamental research designs. Research designs commonly used in health settings will be the focus of this unit. Thus, the fundamental principles of experimental and quasi-experimental group and single case research designs, epidemiological research, survey-based approaches, ethnography, phenomenology and grounded theory will be considered, along with methods of data collection including the use of standardized instruments, structured and naturalistic observation and interviewing. The unit will also introduce students to major quantitative and qualitative techniques appropriate for analysing research data.

BACH 3122 Psychosocial Aspects of Ageing
6 credit points
Semester 1

This unit examines the psychosocial context of late adulthood. The impact of changing social, environmental, economic, and biological dimensions are examined in the context of healthy ageing and age-related illness. Implications for health care delivery are considered.

BIOS 1133 Body Systems: Structure & Function
Cumberland campus
3 credit points
Classes: On campus, 33 hours

This unit will present the gross anatomy, functional histology and physiology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The material covered in this unit forms the foundation for subsequent biomedical and professional units of study. This unit includes laboratory classes at which human cadaveric material is studied. Attendance at such classes is strongly encouraged.

BIOS 1134 Basic Sciences for Health Studies
6 credit points
Semester 1

This unit of study will provide students with a general introduction to the sciences of chemistry, biochemistry and physics as they apply to health studies. The material covered in this subject will provide a basis for more advanced subjects studied later in the program, and would also form a suitable basis for postgraduate programs in Health Sciences. The unit of study also includes an academic skills modulethat covers basic study, research and writing skills.

BIOS 1137 Introductory Neuroscience
Cumberland campus
3 credit points
Classes: On campus, 30 hours

This unit introduces students to the basic structure and function of the nervous system. The physiological aspects of the unit cover the mechanisms of signal generation and transmission in the nervous system, spinal reflexes, the somatosensory and autonomic nervous systems, and the descending motor pathways. The anatomy component of the unit presents the basic structure of the spinal cord and the brain.

BIOS 1155 Structure Function and Disease A
Cumberland campus
Semester 2
6 credit points

This unit of study introduces the study of anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology. A detailed study of the normal function of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems are undertaken. This leads to a focus on the important diseases related to these systems and their effects on the body. The basic concepts of pharmacology will also be introduced to enable students to understand the action of drugs on each of the body systems as they are covered in this unit and in Structure, Function and Disease B. Students are expected to complete computer-based, self-directed learning packages prior to some practical sessions. Material will be presented in lectures, tutorials and practical sessions. This unit includes laboratory classes in which human cadavers are studied; attendance at such classes is strongly encouraged.

BIOS 1158 Structure, Function and Disease B
Cumberland campus
Semester 2
6 credit points

This unit of study examines the essential principles of infection control in health care practice and the immune system, highlighting its role in disease prevention and response to trauma. The part played by the immune system in producing disease is also covered. The normal structure and function of the digestive, urinary, reproductive, endocrine and nervous systems is described along with the pathophysiology of diseases associated with these systems. Specific diseases are studied because they are common and thus frequently encountered in practice, or because they provide significant insight into the reaction pattern of an injured organ. The bases for the management of these diseases will be examined. Material will be presented in lectures, tutorials and practical sessions. This unit includes laboratory classes in which human cadavers are studied; attendance at such classes is strongly encouraged.

BIOS 1159 Functional Anatomy A – Exercise Science

Unit description currently unavailable.

BIOS 1160 Functional Anatomy B – Exercise Science
6 credit points
Semester 2

This unit of study presents a detailed study of the gross anatomical structure and functional anatomy of the lower limb, vertebral column, thorax and pelvis. Content will include application of anatomical principles to the analysis of movement. Students will be expected to undertake a number of independent learning activities including participating in on-line tutorials. This unit includes laboratory classes in which human cadavers are studied; attendance at such classes is strongly encouraged. A module examining the analysis of integrated movements of upper and lower limbs will also be presented.

BIOS 1161 Biochemistry and Human Biology

This unit of study introduces students to the biological and biochemical processes that are fundamental to life. The material covered in this unit forms the basis of subsequent biomedical and professional units of study. Knowledge gained in this unit will help students to understand principles of health and disease and the scientific basis for many of the professional practices they will undertake in their careers.

BIOS 1162 Introductory Microbiology and Biotechnology
Cumberland campus
Semester 2
6 credit points

In this unit of study an introduction to the field of microbiology will be presented. Students will develop an understanding of the distinguishing features and key characteristics of the major types of microorganisms and will gain some practical experience in the safe handling and growth of microbes in the laboratory setting. The factors that commonly lead to the emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases will be examined. Bacterial genetics and the role of micro-organisms in genetic engineering will also be studied.
Students will also develop an understanding of the methods used in, and the applications of biotechnology, with a major emphasis on its relevance to human health. The biomedical consequences of developments in biotechnology will also be examined. There will be an opportunity for students to develop some practical expertise in relevant laboratory techniques. Topics covered include the role of biotechnology in health, gene screening and therapy, cloning and reproductive technology, biotechnology and drug discovery and techniques in biotechnology.

BIOS 2098 Body Systems: Structure and Function II
Cumberland campus
3 credit points

This unit will present the gross anatomy, functional histology and physiology of the renal, digestive, reproductive and endocrine systems, with particular reference to adaptations occurring during exercise and the impact of exercise on system function where appropriate. In addition, immunology and immunological disorders will be covered.

BIOS 2111 Introductory Toxicology
Cumberland campus
Semester 1
6 credit points

This unit of study will introduce students to the classification and process of absorption and metabolism and effects of toxic environmental and industrial substances in the body. Topics will include a study of chemical principles related to toxicology, various toxic metals, gases, solvents, pesticides, carcinogens, air pollution, venoms and radiation. The student will be introduced to the principles of hazard identification and risk assessment. An underpinning of basic chemical principles will be included.

BIOS 2112 Epidemiology & Principles of Disease
Cumberland campus
Semester 2
6 credit points

This unit introduces students to epidemiology, through the study of historical aspects and design strategies in epidemiological research. This introduction also includes measures of disease frequency and association, types of epidemiological studies – descriptive, case-control, cohort studies and quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. This unit also includes issues pertaining to screening tests, disease outbreaks, randomised controlled trials, surveillance and critical appraisal of documented research.

In the second part, the application of these basic principles to health promotion and disease control is studied. The focus is on the underlying biological processes that contribute to the cause and effect of diseases in the population. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diseases such as cancer, infections and obesity will be used to illustrate theory, and explain the nature of disease prevention programs.

BIOS 3063 Project Design & Management
Cumberland campus
6 credit points

This unit of study examines the principles and factors involved in the design and management of services, programs, and projects. Students will develop skills in planning, developing, implementing and evaluating projects as well as be given an introduction to financial management.

BIOS 3066 Current Issues in Health Care
Cumberland campus
Semester 1
6 credit points

This unit introduces students to selected developments that are impacting, or are likely to impact, on the practice and management of health care in Australia. Because health care is driven by a multitude of forces, the scope of the developments studied is broad. Topics to be covered will be drawn from the basic sciences applicable to health care, and health care management. Examples of the topics under consideration include quality management in the manufacture of alternative health products, medical indemnity, the relationship between vaccination and disease, and psychoneuroimmunology. Because issues current in health care will change from year to year, students should consult with the unit of study coordinator to ascertain what will be covered in the unit in a particular year. Material will be presented in lectures, with use of self-directed learning and individual or group projects. The unit integrates units of study completed earlier in the program, thus enabling students to apply their knowledge while developing the skills needed to analyse, understand and anticipate future directions in health care.

BIOS 3067 Principles of Pharmacology
Cumberland campus
Semester 1
6 credit points

This unit of study builds on the basic principles of pharmacology and pharmacokinetics introduced in Structure Function and Disease A and B and Introductory Toxicology. The material presented will facilitate students’ understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Topics to be studied are mechanisms of drug action, interactions and adverse reactions, pharmacogenetics, paediatric and geriatric pharmacology, drug development and relevant legislation. The use of drugs in the treatment of selected specific disease conditions will also be studied. This unit will focus on both experimental and clinical situations, with an emphasis on broad principles and their applications.

EXSS 1018 Biomechanics of Human Movement
Cumberland campus
6 credit points
Assumed Knowledge: HSC Mathematics

This unit aims to develop an appreciation of how mechanical principles can be applied to understand the underlying causes of human movement. Topics include: kinematics, vectors, Newton's laws of motion, work, energy, power, and momentum; for both translational and rotational motion; and the influence of fluids on motion. Emphasis is placed on developing mathematical skills and analytical problem solving techniques. The laboratory classes complement the lectures; providing opportunities to validate mechanical principles in a quantitative manner.

EXSS 1019 Fundamentals of Exercise Science
Cumberland campus

This unit provides the student with an understanding of the fundamental principles and practices of exercise science and its application to sport, fitness and rehabilitation. The unit examines the energetics of exercise, ergometry, standard screening procedures for fitness
testing and the principles and practice of submaximal aerobic fitness testing.

EXSS 1030 Sport First Aid/Trainer
Cumberland campus
3 credit points

This unit aims to provide students with appropriate skills and training for the effective initial management of sport injury situations. On completion of the unit students will be able to execute immediate first aid care with particular attention to extreme environments, soft tissue injuries and demonstrate a sound understanding of communicable diseases and their precautions. Principles and practices for the role of the Sports Trainer in relation to specific injury management, will also be explored.

EXSS 1031 Cell Metabolism and Biochemistry
3 credit points
Semester 1

This unit of study will introduce students to the foundations of biochemistry. Students will gain an understanding of basic chemistry principles such as acid-base balance, chemical reactivity and enzyme regulation through their applications to energy production and consumption during physical activity. This unit of study will develop an appreciation for the role of different cellular components and their function in cell to cell communication, transport of molecules and bioenergetics of macronutrients. This unit of study will include tutorials and practical classes where students will gain some basic scientific and lab-based skills. Material covered in this unit of study will be used as a platform for further development in EXSS2017 Biochemistry of Exercise.

EXSS 1032 Fundamentals of Exercise Science
6 credit points
Semester 2

This unit encompasses the fundamental principles and practices of exercise science and the use and process of scientific measurement and analysis. The student will gain an understanding of the application of these fields to the assessment and development of physical fitness. The unit examines the energetics of exercise, measurement of human work performance and exercise responses in the laboratory, and the assessment of aerobic fitness. Results acquired in laboratory sessions will be used to examine measurement and data quality, data analysis and the presentation of data in both a graphical and written format.

EXSS 2016 Motor Control
Cumberland campus
Prerequisites: BIOS1137 Introductory Neuroscience

This unit aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the control and acquisition of motor behaviours from the perspective of neuroscience. It will examine the nature and cause of movement and the maintenance of posture and balance. Models will be developed which emphasise the control of movement as an interaction between the nervous system, skeletal muscle and the environment. This Unit considers the mechanics of movement and clinical disorders to extend the application of the motor system model.

EXSS 2020 Motor Control and Learning
Cumberland campus
Assumed Knowledge: EXSS 2016 Motor Control

This course exams motor control, motor learning and motor performance from a behavioural level of analysis. Within each topic selected, the relevant theories and research studies are examined, not only with a view to producing understanding of the material, but also in order to encourage critical thinking and an appreciation of the successes and limitations of current knowledge. Most importantly, this course will focus on the practical implications of the concepts covered, thereby enabling students to apply the principles of skilled performance and learning in teaching, coaching and rehabilitation.

EXSS 2023 Growth Development & Ageing
Cumberland campus

This unit of study aims to provide the student with an understanding of growth, development and ageing of the human with particular reference to the effect on health and physical performance across the lifespan. Motor skill development and physical performance will be examined and related to morphology and stages of growth. The relationship between biological measurements, growth, gender and chronology will be explored.

EXSS 2025 Motor Control and Learning
6 credit points
Semester 2

This unit of study provides students with a broad overview of motor control and learning with the aim of stimulating them to think about the mechanisms of normal human movement. Both a behavioural and a neurophysiological approach are taken to the acquisition and execution of skilled motor actions. The behavioural approach is directed at the structures and processes underlying movement without considering their physical basis, while the neurophysiological approach is directed at the neuromuscular machinery and the functional neural connections that govern movement. The unit consists of 3 modules. The first module examines the information processing and energetic capacities of the learner that underpin motor performance; that is, characteristics of the perceptual-motor system such as memory, attention, reaction time, speed-accuracy trade-off, force control, economy of energy, coordination, automaticity, lateralisation, arousal and stress, talent and expertise. The second module examines features of the learning environment that can be manipulated to promote motor learning such as goals, motivation, instruction, practice conditions and feedback. The third module examines applications to teaching motor skills, coaching and rehabilitation and includes a group project in which a motor skill is trained, thereby enabling students to apply the principles of motor control and learning that they have learned.

EXSS 2026 Growth Development & Ageing
6 credit points
Semester 2

This unit of study aims to provide the student with an appreciation of growth, development and ageing of the human across the lifespan. Physiologic changes, motor skill development and physical performance will be examined and related to morphology and stages of childhood and adolescent growth. The relationships between growth, development, gender and physical activity will be explored. The biological changes and consequences of ageing on physiologic and psychological health, disease and exercise capacity will be investigated. The student will also be able to gain an understanding of exercise prescription for pregnant women, children, adolescents and older adults.

EXSS 2027 Exercise Physiology for Clinicians

This unit has a major focus on the acute cardiorespiratory and haemodynamic response to exercise in both healthy and diseased populations. The measures of maximal oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold as determinants of cardiorespiratory performance in endurance events are discussed. In relation to these measures, the concept of acid-base balance is introduced. Physiological adaptations associated with endurance, high resistance and interval/sprint training will be explored. Students will learn the mechanisms behind muscle damage and fatigue. The approach will be integrative, with particular attention given to the regulation of the changes in the cardiorespiratory, and metabolic systems during exercise.

EXSS 3008 Ergonomics

Unit description currently unavailable.

EXSS 3023 Exercise Testing and Prescription
Cumberland campus
6 credit points

This unit is designed to provide a comprehensive and critical examination of exercise testing and programming in low-risk populations. The scientific evidence for exercise dosages for aerobic exercise and resistance training required for health and fitness outcomes will be critically reviewed. Other aspects of exercise programming such as flexibility, warm up and instructional technique will also be covered in this unit. Through the use of lectures and case studies, students will learn how to integrate both the physiological components and logistical aspects of exercise performance, to devise individualised exercise test batteries and prescriptions. Although not a co-requisite, students will benefit from undertaking EXSS3024 Exercise, Health and Disease in parallel with Exercise Testing and Prescription.

EXSS 3024 Exercise, Health & Disease
Cumberland campus
6 credit points

The two units, EXSS3024 Exercise, Health and Disease and EXSS3027 Exercise and Rehabilitation, consider the application of exercise science to prevention of disease and to the enhancement and maintenance of quality of life in people with chronic health disorders and following serious injury. This unit investigates the epidemiological and biological evidence for the role of physical activity in preventing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The unit then examines the effects of heart disease and chronic obstructive respiratory disorders on exercise performance, the use of exercise tests in the evaluation of patients with these disorders, and the application of exercise training to their rehabilitation.

EXSS 3027 Exercise & Rehabilitation
Cumberland campus
6 credit points

This unit examines exercise limitations and the use of exercise in the rehabilitation of a wide range of health disorders such as diabetes, muscle disorders, arthritis, stroke and depression. Where relevant, the role of physical activity in the prevention of disease is addressed. A major part of the unit is concerned with the mechanisms of exercise-related injury. The specific applications of exercise training to rehabilitation from musculo-skeletal injury, including the special problems of spinal cord injury and wheel chair exercise, are discussed.

EXSS 3038 Ergonomics
6 credit points
Semester 1

Ergonomics is concerned with optimising health, safety and performance in human activities. This unit will broaden the student's knowledge of human tolerance to physical tasks by considering tasks performed across a spectrum of settings, including occupational, sport, and activities of daily living. Specifically through the application of anatomy, biomechanics, and exercise and environmental physiology an understanding of the principles of matching environmental and task related parameters to human characteristics will be developed. This knowledge has application to OH&S, sport safety and the development of accessible environments for functionally impaired.

EXSS 3042 Nutrition for Health, Exercise and Sport
6 credit points
Semester 1

This unit provides students with background knowledge in nutrition as applied to public health and exercise performance. Emphasis is given to the major, nutrition related public health issues faced by western countries including the impact of diet on obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Students will study how diets and individuals can be assessed for nutritional adequacy and how diet can be manipulated to treat the above mentioned lifestyle diseases. In addition, students will learn about the way diet can optimise exercise performance through provision of adequate energy and ideal distribution of macronutrients. Use of dietary supplements and nutritional ergogenic aids and the benefit of sports nutrition strategies such as 'carbohydrate loading' will also be a focus. This unit of study has a strong practical emphasis so that in addition to provision of a theoretical rational for diet manipulation, students will be introduced to practical diet strategies used to improve nutritional status and exercise performance. An opportunity to attain a level I International Society for Kinanthropometry accreditation will also be available through the practical anthropometry classes in this unit of study.

HIMT 1051 Introduction to Management Principles
Cumberland campus
6 credit points

This unit introduces students to the principles of management and develops their skills in management in health care settings. Topics include an introduction to management and what managers do; building effective teams; organising work; the influence of organisational culture; change management; planning; leadership and managerial
ethics. Students will also develop an understanding of the structure and functions of organisations ranging from small businesses to government agencies and multinational corporations. The roles and responsibilities of officers at all levels will be examined, as will the chains of responsibility and decision-making processes. The relevant legislation will be explained with a particular focus on its effects on corporate governance. A key objective of this unit is to enable the students to develop practical management skills to enable them to perform effectively in businesses of all sizes. A case study method is used to support this.